The advantages and disadvantages of multimode fiber and single-mode fiber
In today's network construction, optical fiber has been
widely used due to its high and fast speed. Among them, single-mode fiber and
multimode fiber are the most common. There are still many questions about the
difference and application of these two types of fibers. Next, we will analyze
the differences between single-mode fiber and multimode fiber in terms of basic
structure, transmission distance, and cost.
1. Comparison of Basic Structure of Single-mode Fiber and Multimode Fiber
The basic structure of the optical fiber is usually composed
of an outer sheath, a cladding, a core, and a light source. Single-mode fiber
and multimode fiber have the following differences:
Outer sheath color difference
In practical applications, the color of the outer sheath of
the fiber can be used to quickly distinguish single-mode fiber from the
multimode fiber. According to the TIA-598C standard definition, OS1 and OS2
single-mode fibers use yellow outer jackets, OM1 and OM2 multimode fibers use
orange outer jackets, and OM3 and OM4 use aqua blue outer jackets (for
non-military use).
Core diameter difference
There is a significant difference in core diameter between
multimode fiber and single-mode fiber. The core diameter of multimode fiber is
usually 50 or 62.5μm, and the core diameter of single-mode fiber is 9μm.
Considering this difference, single-mode fiber can only transmit optical
signals with a wavelength of 1310nm or 1550nm over a narrow core diameter, but
the advantage of a small core is that the optical signal propagates in a
straight line in single mode. Fiber mode. Refraction occurs, dispersion is low,
and bandwidth is high; multimode fiber has a wide core, which can transmit
multiple modes at a given operating wavelength, but at the same time, because
multimode fiber transmits hundreds of modes, each mode Fiber propagation
constant is different of the group rate, so the bandwidth of the fiber is
narrow, the dispersion is large, and the loss is large.
Note: The standard cladding diameter of most optical fibers
is 125um, and the standard outer protective layer diameter is 245um, which does
not distinguish between single-mode and multimode.
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Light source difference
The light source generally has two types’ laser light source
and LED light source. Single-mode fiber uses a laser light source and multimode
fiber uses an LED light source.
2. Comparison of transmission distance between single-mode fiber and multimode fiber
As we all know, single-mode fiber is suitable for
long-distance transmission and multimode fiber is suitable for short-distance
transmission. The following table shows the specific transmission distances of
the different types of single-multimode fibers.
It can be seen from the graph that at 1G and 10G speeds, the
transmission distance of single-mode fiber is much longer than that of
multi-mode fiber, so why don't all data centers use single-mode fiber? Indeed,
the construction of the data center focuses on short-distance transmission. In
the short distance transmission environment, the performance of multimode fiber
and single-mode fiber is the same, but the cost is lower; at the same time, OM3
and OM4 multimode fiber can support higher speed, in the current era of
high-speed networks, the demand for multimode optical fiber cannot be
underestimated.
Third, the cost comparison of single-mode fiber and multimode fiber
As mentioned above, the cost of multimode fiber is lower
than that of single-mode fiber. This is mainly due to the equipment material
cost, such as the light source cost difference and the material cost
difference.
Also, the cost difference between a multimode fiber system
and a single-mode fiber system is similar, and the construction cost of a
multimode fiber system is lower than that of a single-mode fiber system. Let's
take the FS solution as an example. The cost of a multi-mode transmission
system (multi-mode optical modules and jumpers) ranges from PKR 96519 to PKR 155015,
while a single-mode transmission system (single-mode optical modules and
jumpers) cost generally more than PKR 195963, and the price difference is more
than PKR 29248.
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Four Frequently Asked Questions about single-mode Fiber and Multimode Fiber
1. Can single-mode fiber and multimode fiber be mixed?
Normally this is not possible. The transmission modes of
single-mode fiber and multimode fiber are different. If two fibers are mixed or
directly connected, link loss and line jitter will be caused. However, both
single-mode and multimode links can be connected via single-mode conversion
jumpers.
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2. Can multimode optical modules be used on single-mode fibers? How about using single-mode optical modules over multimode fibers?
Multi-mode optical modules cannot be used on single-mode
optical fibers, which will cause higher loss; single-mode optical modules can
be used on multimode optical fibers, but fiber optic adapters must be used to
convert fiber types. For example, by using fiber optic adapters, 1000BASE-LX
single-mode optical modules can operate over multimode fibers. Fiber optic
adapters can also be used to solve the connection problem between single-mode
optical modules and multimode optical modules.
3. How to choose single-mode fiber and multimode fiber?
When selecting single-mode fiber and multimode fiber, the
actual transmission distance and cost should be considered. If the transmission
distance is 300-400 meters, multimode fiber can be used. If the transmission
distance reaches several thousand meters, single-mode fiber is the best choice.
Conclusion
Single-mode fiber and multimode fiber have their advantages.
Single-mode fiber systems are mainly used in metro and PON networks, and
multi-mode fiber systems are mainly used in enterprises and data centers. It is
important to choose the fiber system that is right for you.
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